Reform the welfare system an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Reform the welfare system Reform the welfare system: According to the researches of the Wisconsin university, the main problems of the society is due to a mans individual responsibility, unemployment of most people, family problems, and incapability of having the quality of life ("Child and Family Well-Being"). Need essay sample on "Reform the welfare system" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed PROBLEM: Economical dilemma The economical issue of alleviating poverty was addressed by the public policy of the United States during the year of 1930. The first priority is the nuclear unit of a community which is the family, mostly those married couples that have a lot of children to support but are not able to provide for their family (Jackson). Reform Proposal: One-child policy This states that a couple should not have more than one child. It is already one of the policies in china but the interval of it lasts for five years. In this reform, we would lessen the span of time to three years of intervals. In that way the couple will learn more about family planning. In this situation, the couple or parent will be able to provide the most need of the child. They would have enough for food, shelter and clothing unlike when they are providing for a big family. The couple will not have any difficulty in raring an only child (Burns). Evidence: The image below is an example in chinas one child policy. This policy helped prevent the rapid growth of population in china. It then helped prevent the problem of malnutrition in children (Burns). PROBLEM: Being dependent of a single parent with the help of the government is also a one big welfare problem. There are lots of single female parents who are expecting the only help they could get that the AFDC which stands for Aid to Families with Dependent Children could offer them ("Welfare Reform in Pennsylvania "). Reform Proposal: Job employment for single parent Evidence: With this reform, the government will be able to help single parent earn money for their child. The reform will also prevent the people from being dependent from the help that they could get from the other people. The effect of this in the children is that their future will be ensured that they would be able to have a good education when they grew up because the parent can already provide them one (Pasawarat). PROBLEM: Lack of good education Education is one of the peoples basic needs; it will prevent us from being nave. Its why every people should be given the equal right for a good education. Public schools are always competing with the standard of private schools; they are always being questioned about the quality of learning. The basic problem is that the public schools are not fully equipped and does not have enough books to be used by the students for researches ("Education and Child Welfare Program"). Reform Proposal: Totally-free college education with monthly allowance This should be given for those children who are interested to study college but are not able to afford tuition and other school fees. With this reform, a lot of unfortunate people would be given a chance to change their way of living. Evidence: Giving a totally free education will help lessen the burdens of those students who wanted to study that though there are free scholarships, they still could not afford to go to school because they still could not provide money for their other expenses in school. It will also lead children out from being no-knowledge and naivety. This will bring a future that is full of hope for all of the people equally. Work Cited Burns, Alicia. "China's One-Child Policy". 2004. Digital Freedom Network. "Child and Family Well-Being". 2005. Institute of Research on Poverty. April 30 2007. "Education and Child Welfare Program". Reason Public Policy Institute. April 29 2007. Jackson, Robert Max. "Policy Recommendation on Welfare Reform". 2000. New York University. April 29 2007. Pasawarat, John. "Employment and Earnings of Milwaukee County Single Parent Afdc Families: Establishing Benchmarks for Measuring Employment Outcomes Under". 1997. University of Wisconsin Milwaukee.

Free Essays on Memories

Memories Every known living person has memories. Some are memories of time full of happiness, and some are filled with death, destruction, and pain. But, are our memories ours? Do we own what we think, or are they manufactured by our brains in a twisted chain of neurological events? If we can create memories, all forms of argument based on memory will become null and void. This is beginning to show more and more in society, causing uproar nationwide. A Harvard University study of post-traumatic stress disorder in claimed alien â€Å"abductees† tested each person by recounting their individual experience. A strong reaction was confirmed in each test subject, a reaction similarly seen in war veterans. The idea that these memories could actually be manufactured, and false, brings to the surface the plausible thought that we as humans can, for lack of better terminology, create ourselves. Many would say that everyone creates themselves, that we attain an identity by the creation of our personality. This is true, but, with this ideal of false memories, a weakness can be found. Our actual identity could, in theory, be completely different from the identity we perceive to be ours; we hold ourselves to a name, a home, a childhood that may have never existed. The implications of these false perceptions of our identities are monumental. As humans, we define ourselves by the memories we have. These memories are the building blocks of our individuality. We base the decisions we make daily on the memories of past situations. For example, if one receives punishment for a crime, or a simple rule being broken in a professional or educational environment, one immediately knows not to commit said offense again. A link between our feelings, thoughts, and memories is created to make us realize what to do, and what not to do. As with the post-traumatic stress disorder study, scientists have also begun looking into the aspects of the legal w... Free Essays on Memories Free Essays on Memories Memories Every known living person has memories. Some are memories of time full of happiness, and some are filled with death, destruction, and pain. But, are our memories ours? Do we own what we think, or are they manufactured by our brains in a twisted chain of neurological events? If we can create memories, all forms of argument based on memory will become null and void. This is beginning to show more and more in society, causing uproar nationwide. A Harvard University study of post-traumatic stress disorder in claimed alien â€Å"abductees† tested each person by recounting their individual experience. A strong reaction was confirmed in each test subject, a reaction similarly seen in war veterans. The idea that these memories could actually be manufactured, and false, brings to the surface the plausible thought that we as humans can, for lack of better terminology, create ourselves. Many would say that everyone creates themselves, that we attain an identity by the creation of our personality. This is true, but, with this ideal of false memories, a weakness can be found. Our actual identity could, in theory, be completely different from the identity we perceive to be ours; we hold ourselves to a name, a home, a childhood that may have never existed. The implications of these false perceptions of our identities are monumental. As humans, we define ourselves by the memories we have. These memories are the building blocks of our individuality. We base the decisions we make daily on the memories of past situations. For example, if one receives punishment for a crime, or a simple rule being broken in a professional or educational environment, one immediately knows not to commit said offense again. A link between our feelings, thoughts, and memories is created to make us realize what to do, and what not to do. As with the post-traumatic stress disorder study, scientists have also begun looking into the aspects of the legal w...

Adidas Value Chain Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adidas Value Chain Analysis - Research Paper Example The value chain analysis of Adidas strongly borrows from Michael Porter’s perspective in that the company strongly maintains its primary activities since its beginning. For instance, the inbound and outbound logistics are increasingly strongly in the company and this ensures that it operates optimally in the current environment. Adidas Group has certain inbound logistics chain for raw material movement as well as un assembled products inside the organization. Further, the outbound systems logistics for finished products transportation is effective and timely. The main operations, sales, marketing, and related operations are increasingly strong and this has pushed the company to be the main sport industry in the sector. The team of researchers responsible for new and innovative product development and shifting market demands has been increasingly sustainable, and has assisted Adidas to maintain its position in the market and attain competitive advantage. Adidas Group has introd uced electronic sales, and continued to dominate the strategic marketing in e-sales. The company monitors service quality, staff training, and satisfaction of customers through the franchisees as a crucial aspect of value chain. Additionally, the supporting activities of Adidas Group, which includes procurements, research, human resource management and development as well as development of the company’s infrastructure and is well operated to ensure strong reputation of the company, value of the brand and status of market. Adidas mainly emphasize on materials procurement and all other activities related in the cost effective mode, making necessary use of worldwide strategies of off shoring and sourcing. For instance, Adidas Group put more emphasis, effort and resources on product innovation in ensuring competitive advantage in sport industry. Research and development will make the company produce better products and meet the goals and expected customer demands and preferences. Each year, the Adidas Group expands and procures new and innovative techniques to satisfy consumer needs. Similarly, Adidas has expanded some of its activities of manufacturing to nations such as China and Vietnam, considering c osts of labor. Additionally, the Adidas company workers are well treated and always satisfied, (Kaplinsky & University of Sussex. 2000). The organization believes that their workers an increasingly crucial resource for the organization and therefore, has a very string human resource management unit that performs activities such as recruitment, hiring, development, training, discipline, reward and dismissal of personnel. To attain employees’ welfare needs and attain the target in sporting product industry that is entirely depended on employees’ enthusiasm, well-being, and talents, the company boosts employees’ morale. This is done through compensations, medical insurance, and transport allowances. Moreover, Adidas

Mod # BUStwo feedback loops in your organization (HP INC.) Essay

Mod # BUStwo feedback loops in your organization (HP INC.) - Essay Example In a move to improve profitability the company is planning to outsource PC manufacturing facilities worldwide. This would help the company to increase profitability by focusing on its core strengths which includes supply chain management, new products and services development and supplier management. (www.hp.com) Management Intent: The management believes that as everything as a Service evolves, there is an opportunity to reshape the computing industry forever and, more importantly, create more dynamic services that enrich our everyday lives and improve how we do business. To realize this potential, the technology industry must innovate at a higher level of intelligence into the next generation of devices, networks and software. When we are successful in providing better user experience, we will be poised for the next wave of growth. (www.hp.com) Feedback loops Employed by HP: Customer groups in various markets - Speed quality and flexibility are some of the requirements of the customer groups as far as technology is concerned. Manufacturers like HP would like to classify their customers as large businesses, individuals with home office and the younger generation. Further this would also give an insight to the market size and location, stage of the product life cycle in each of these consumer groups and characteristics and influences of the buyers (demographic details).Global marketers like HP will would resort to this method of feedback which brings into focus the basic information necessary for development of a strategic plan for production.Survey on Product technology - This form of feedback involves the markets being broken down into segments. Volumes of requirement are forecast to identify and explore the requirements for niche products and otherwise. This feedback would also give the companies required product mixes, c omplexity, differentiation and frequency of manufacturing required. The purpose of selecting these loops was to bring to attention that the major deciding factors of cost in production are related to these. Balancing feedback brings in optimum product quality at the lowest possible pricing leads to goal seeking behavior. Complex systems are composed of multiple feedback loops laid upon one another. How this can be used in OD Hp can make use of these loops by empowering the team of people involved in these activities, by which the results would be extraordinary. The company can help teams involved to manage culture, process, systems and relationships which in turn would be effective and would also reflect on Organizational development. People learn together by submitting their shared vision to testing. When complex dynamics exist, a shared vision allows organizational members to examine assumptions, search for leverage points, and test different policy alternatives. This level of learning often requires simulation, which is a much more specialized systems technique. (Larsen, K., McInerney) Effects of feedback loops on Org Effectiveness Long and Short Term: The effects of these feedback loops on organization effectiveness are as follows Long Term: Organizations strive to reach their potential by sharing this vision of worthy goals with employees. There is a Lifelong commitment to high quality work can result when teams work

1968 Democratic Convention Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

1968 Democratic Convention - Research Paper Example Despite of its rich legacy, there have been some events related to the history of this party, which still haunt the stakeholders (Campbell, 2008). One of these events is the â€Å"Democratic National Convention of 1968 at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois† (Campbell, 2008). This paper is an attempt to present a brief account of the events that led to this convention, the happenings during the convention and events that took place in the aftermath. Discussion Before light is shed on the convention, it is important to draw a rough and succinct sketch of the events leading to Democratic Convention of 1968 that would help in better understanding of the entire event and its happenings. Events leading to 1968 Democratic Convention Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Without any doubts, the man who saw the dream, Martin Luther King, Jr. remains as one of the most influential personalities in the American history (Hoffman, Leary & Mailer, 2008). During the late 1950s and 1960s, he had become the icon of American liberalism, anti Vietnam War advocate, civil right activist and leader of the peace movement (Dautrich & Yalof, 2009). It was on April 4, 1968 when he was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. This created widespread anger, frustration and rage in the public and riots spread in major United States, such as â€Å"Washington D.C., Kansas City, Baltimore, Louisville, Chicago, and various 100 other major cities causing damage of more than 50 million US dollars† (Farber, 1988). In fact, Chicago has not witnessed such magnitude of riots since 1968. During these disturbances, â€Å"11 citizens lost their lives, 48 injured, 90 police officers were wounded, and more than 2156 were taken into police custody† (Kusch, 2004). Despite the fact that the city appeared to be getting back to the normal after a week or so but this event installed the first wave of anger and frustration within the hearts of minds, par ts of which became evident during the convention as well (Edy, 2006). Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy After the death of Luther King, Jr. Robert F. Kennedy was the first political leader, who was also running for the Democratic Party nomination for President. Kennedy had lost his brother John F. Kennedy earlier in the decade (Farber, 1988). Shortly after addressing his supporters at midnight in a ballroom at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, he left for addressing a press conference (Kusch, 2004). On his way to the conference, he took the route that went through the kitchen and a Palestinian immigrant, Sirhan Bishara Sirhan, who shoot Kennedy in the chest three times. He died after 26 hours, thus depriving the democratic party of a charismatic and influential leader who would have gone on to win the Democratic convention (Campbell, 2008; Hoffman, Leary & Mailer, 2008). Decision of Lyndon B. Johnson not to contest for the second term Lyndon B. Johnson, one of the four political personalities in the history of United States to serve as the President, Vice President, Representative, and Senator during his career, was the 36th president of the United States who served during the 1963-1969 era. He served as the vice president during the Kennedy era and took over the job as the president of the country after his assassination. He ran for the office after completing that term and won with an overwhelming majority. Johnson is still praised by critics and observers for his domestic policies such as â€Å"Great Society legislations† (McGowen, 2003). However, he paid the price for increasing American involvement in Vietnam War in form of his sharply declining popularity, both in the American

The Kinship Of The Sans Culture Sociology Essay

The Kinship Of The Sans Culture Sociology Essay To start off, the San culture is the kind of people that share food with the other families in their culture, the women, and the men work their butts off going out everyday hunting or even planting and growing crops like: berries, nuts, and fruits the women do most of the work. All the men do is go out and hunt for meat and all that adds up to 20% of the work and the other 80% belongs to the hard work the women put in to taking care of their culture. Another thing that I want to say about the San culture is, the San culture is known as (Bushmen) of the Kalahari Desert, and they Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades have lived in that region for thousands of years. There are a couple of more things I want to talk to you about this San culture is, after they get all of their work done the rest of the time is spent in leisurely pursuits: visiting, playing, sleeping, and just enjoying each others company. Not only do families pool the days production, but the entire camp, residents and visitors alike, shares equally in the total quantity of food available. The evening meal of any one family is made up of portions of food from each of the other families in the band. Foodstuffs are distributed raw or are prepared by the collectors and then distributed. The three examples of how the kinship system of the San culture impacts the way this culture behaves is: Generalized Reciprocity, Negative Reciprocity, Balanced Reciprocity and first the Generalized Reciprocity impacts the way they behave is, a form of exchange in which there is no expectation for the immediate return of an item in exchange for something else; in the long Kinship of the San Tribe Kinship of the San Tribe Kinship of the San Tribe The San tribe of South Africa has an amazing story. Their way of life and the ability to survive in the desert speaks volumes to their kinship system. They are a people that have built their entire life on the ability to survive on what the land provides and the families they create. The following summary of the San will comprise of who the San are and the ties that bind them together. How does an indigenous tribe with limited resources live in the desert? The San, or also known as the Bushmen, are a small yet mobile foraging band that resides in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa (NowakLaird, 2010, p. 3.1). As foragers the San hunt for their food, whether it is berries, nuts, or meat. The women of the San spend their time taking care of their children and searching for food. The men of the San spend their time hunting either individually or in groups. Because the San is a Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades foraging band this means they are required to move from place to place in order to find food when resources become scarce. However, they arent always hunting for food. The San find it very important to take time out of their day to spend visiting with family and friends. Family is very important to the San as will be described later in this summary. In addition to family, water is just as important as family. Because of the desert environment in which they live, it requires them to be aware of their resources and call upon other San tribes if assistance is needed. When resources are scarce, thats where the Sans kinship structure comes in to play. The Sans kinship system is structured is considered bilateral. Nowak and Laird (2010) describe bilateral descent as the kinship connections through both the mother and the father are equally important (p. 3.7). In the United States, a bilateral descent system exists. Individuals are related to both parents equally. Foragers, San Tribe The San Tribe When compared to our society, the San people have similar value systems. The San are the oldest inhabitants of Southern Africa, where they have lived for thousands of years. The term San is commonly used to refer to a diverse group of hunter-gatherers living in Southern Africa who share historical and linguistic connections. Some foragers have lived in their present location for thousands of years, such as the San in southwest Africa (Nowak and Laird, 2010, p. 3.2). The San were also referred to as Bushmen, but this term has since been abandoned as it is considered derogatory. Here are three examples of how the San are like many American societies. Like many American families, the San people have no true leader. Leadership among the San is kept for those who have lived within that group for a long time, who have achieved a respectable age, and Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades good character. In many American families this is also true. The eldest person is treated with the most respect and families often try to discuss their problems together in order to keep peace in the family. The San also believe there is one powerful God. In our circles this belief is also true. They also respect the dead; we pay our respects to the dead as well by the various small things we do. We pull our vehicles over during a funeral procession, we do not walk on anyones grave, we lower flags for dead dignitaries, and we have large lists of things that we consider respect for the dead. Lastly, the San have religious aspirations. We also share this trait. There have a person they hold in high regards as we would a priest of preacher. They call their holy man a Shaman or medicine man. The San are big on having strong family ties and bonds. Lets look at how the family is thought to work or structure itself. Most foraging societies consist of a nuclear family setting. When looking how a The San Tribe The San Tribe One of the best-known hunting and gathering communities in the modern world are the San (Bushmen) of the Kalahari Desert. The San have been living in this region for thousands of years. Their diets are composed primarily of nuts, fruit, melons, and berries gathered by the women. The women are the primary gatherers and are responsible for contributing nearly 80 percent of the San diet. Men, the hunters, provide the remaining 20 percent of the diet in the form of meat. Even though they live in one of the most marginal environments in the world, the San search for food only two or three days a week. Women can collect enough food in one day to feed their families for a full week, while men hunt two or three days a week. The rest of the time is spent in leisurely pursuits: visiting, playing, sleeping, and just enjoying each others company. (Lee, Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades 1979) The San use Generalized Reciprocity, sharing what they have with other people in their band. Each San is not an island unto himself or herself, each is part of a collective. The group pools the resources that are brought into the camp so that everyone receives an equitable share. They do not do this out of nobility of soul or because they are made of better stuff than we are, they do it because it works for them and it enhances their survival. Without this core of sharing, life for the San would be harder and infinitely less pleasant. The San have rights to waterholes, and if others need to use them, they must obtain permission from the group holding the rights. Among the San, the owner of a hunted animal is not the hunter who killed the animal but rather the owner of the arrow or spear. The San migrate based on water availability and their shelters are built quickly, typically in one day, and are made from materials found locally and available to anyone. Amon g the San, the oldest woman in a San Tribe San Tribe San Tribe The San tribe of South Africa has an astonishing story. Their way of life and the aptitude to survive in the desert endowers wonders to their kinship system. They are a people that have built their entire life on the ability to live on what the land provides and the families they design. The following synopsis of the San will include who the San are and the ties that bind them together. How does a native tribe with scarce resources live in the desert? The San, or also known as the Bushmen, are a small yet mobile foraging band that resides in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa (Nowak Laird, 2010, p. 3.1). As foragers the San search for their food, whether it is berries, nuts, or meat. The women of the San devote their time taking care of their children and exploring for food. The men of the San devote their time hunting either individually or in groups. Because the San is a foraging band Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades this means that its necessary for them to move from place to place in order to find food when sources become limited. However, they are not continuously hunting for food. The San find it very significant to take time out of their day to spend visiting with family and friends. Kinfolk are very important to the San as will be described later in this synopsis. In addition to family, water is just as significant as family. Because of the desert environment in which they live, it makes them to be aware of their resources and call upon other San tribes if help is needed. When resources are scarce, thats where the Sans kinship binding comes to the surface. The Sans kinship system is considered bilateral. Nowak and Laird (2010) describe bilateral descent as the kinship connections through both the mother and the father are equally important (p. 3.7). In the United States, a bilateral descent system do exists. Individuals are related to both parents alike. Foragers, like the San, Kinship System of the San People Kinship of the San Bushmen The San or Bushmen people as they are sometimes called are a foraging group. Most foraging societies consist of a nuclear family setting. When looking how a family is laid out you must pay attention to descent. Descent is the passage of kinship though the parent-child links and the joining of the people into groups. There are two patterns for identifying descent: unilateral and bilateral. When looking at unilateral descent the relationships are followed through the mother and the father. The descent within the bilateral relationship is just as important. Most of all the foraging bands have bilateral descent. A San tribe member can find a blood relative in every tribe that he/she visits. This type of kinship is important if the family is low on resources, they can relocate, find family, and survive until they are once again able to thrive on their own. Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades To have a family member in every band that you travel to, a marriage has had to occur. Marriage between the men and women between the bands helps strengthen the social links. Once again these types of family ties are a survival tool for the bands desolate times. When a man is to consider marriage in the San tribe he must first make sure that the woman he is considering to marry does not have the same name as a parent or sibling. Marrying of a second cousin or closer is also prohibited. By doing this the tribe insures that there is no incest helping create future generations of children that can marry without the high chance of incest. With these rules in place it limits the number of women that can be married though out the region. Women would gather, and men hunted using poison arrows and spears in laborious days-long excursions. Children had no duties besides to play, and leisure was very important to the Bushmen. They spent large amounts of time with conversation , joking around, music, and sacred dances. The San Kinship System KINSHIP OF THE SAN PEOPLE 1 KINSHIP OF THE SAN PEOPLE 2 KINSHIP OF THE SAN PEOPLE The San people are indigenous cultures that are referred to as the Bushmen they live and have lived in the deserts of the Kalahari for many thousands of years. The San people are foraging band of families that gather and hunt for their livelihood traditionally women are responsible for eighty percent of the food gathering which consists of nuts, fruits, melons and berries while the men are responsible for twenty percent of the meat Nowak, B. Laird, P (2010). The family structure of the San people is one of kinship in which could include many family member such as uncles, aunts, cousins, brothers, sisters, maternal, paternal grandparent and their parents. It is a band of families that work together as a group Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades to provide food for all family members if another person killed a big animal they will share it with another family who wasnt as fortunate in hunting that day this is their way of life. This kinship reinforces the importance of family and keeps them close thus providing safety and comfort for all involved. The numbers of the San people can include over 30 members in their group or village; families can live in other parts of neighboring camps are usually interconnected by kinship and marriage: a brother and sister can live with spouses in one camp and in troubled times when food and their basic necessities are scare they have the option to move to another camp and live with their in-laws this type of family connections is referred to as a bilateral kinship. In bilateral kinship one cannot marry another family member who consists of second cousins or even people whom share the same name as her or his parents. KINSHIP OF THE SAN PEOPLE 3 The kinship of the family is very important to them the children The Sans Kinship System The Sans 1 The San 2 The San Kinship System The San are foragers who reside in the Kalahari Desert in Africa. The San people have survived and flourished here for thousands of years. In a foraging culture the people live in mobile groups called Bands (Nowak Laird, 2010). Typically, they move every few weeks to location were food and water is thriving. In foraging cultures continuous movement and the sharing of food and water are part of what builds kinship ties. These kinship ties build a greater sense of obligation to each other (Nowak Laird, 2010). I will explore a general reciprocal kinship system between the San people. I will provide three examples of this kinship system to display how it affects the San culture. General Reciprocal Exchange The San people live in a reciprocal economic system. This is defined as a mutual exchange Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades of goods and services which occurs between members of a kinship group (Nowak Laird, 2010). To be more specific the San people live in a generalized reciprocity. A generalized reciprocity is a form of exchange where there are no expectations for an immediate return of an item in exchange for something else (Nowak Laird, 2010). Sharing of Food and Water One example of generalized reciprocal culture lived by the San is their sharing and pooling together of food gathered for the day with all members of the Band. This sharing helps to ensure the survival of the camp. For example, a hunters family will not go hungry if he is unable to make a kill. Another hunter who was successful will provide equal shares of his kill with all members of the camp. This generalized reciprocity is The San 3 based on family and kin relationships (Nowak Laird, 2010). Typically, the neighbor they are sharing with is a parent, parent-in-law, or sibling. When thinking about how the San people The San Kinship System Introduction The San are foragers who reside in the Kalahari Desert in Africa. The San people have survived and flourished here for thousands of years. In a foraging culture the people live in mobile groups called Bands (Nowak Laird, 2010). Typically, they move every few weeks to location were food and water is thriving. In foraging cultures continuous move Sin Kinship System ment and the sharing of food and water are part of what builds kinship ties. These kinship ties build a greater sense of obligation to each other (Nowak Laird, 2010). I will explore a general reciprocal kinship system between the San people. I will provide three examples of this kinship system to display how it affects the San culture. General Reciprocal Exchange The San people live in a reciprocal economic system. This is defined as a mutual ex change of goods and services which occurs between Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades members of a kinship group (Nowak Laird, 2010). To be more specific the San people live in a generalized reciprocity. A generalized reciprocity is a form of exchange where there are no expectations for an immediate return of an item in exchange for something else (Nowak Laird, 2010). Sharing of Food and Water One example of generalized reciprocal culture lived by the San is their sharing and pooling together of food gathered for the day with all members of the Band. This sharing helps to ensure the survival of the camp. For example, a hunters family will not go hungry if he is unable to make a kill. Another hunter who was successful will provide equal shares of his kill with all members of the camp. This generalized reciprocity is based on family and kin relationships (Nowak Laird, 2010). Typically, the neighbor they are sharing with is a parent, parent-in-law, or sibling. Environment When thinking about how the San people The men and the women work together to make their Kinship System Cultural Thinking Paper: Kinship Organization Kinship remains at the core of social relations, but marriage customs and other kin-related rules change to deal with new relationships in terms of property, denser population, and conflict. People are related to each other as sharing a common ancestor or as in-laws. The way people are related, determines how they behave towards each other. In general there are two basic patterns for calculating descents: unilineal and bilateral. San kinship system is based on bilateral descent. In bilateral descents, the kinship connections through both the mother and the father are equally important. Because of this kinship relationship, a San will find a relative in every band he or she visits. If a family is facing shortage where they live, the can go to another bands territory and find kin, a place to stay, and access to water. San society Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades is groups of people whom love each others company. San live in the most marginal environments in the world. Hunters and gathers such as the San, who live in the desert, migrate based on water availability. San have many hours of free time for leisure activities, including socializing with their kin and friends. San is a very generous society; evening meals are shared among all families. Generosity maintains kin and social relationships while providing a safety net. Each San does not have an island unto him or herself, each is part of a collective. Because the San is apart of a band and are very generous you would think they share with no problem, in fact the often gripe about sharing. Without the core of sharing, life for the San would be harder and infinitely less pleasant. The way our cultures kinship system works is based on the way one is raised. One may have been raise to only give to you relatives and friends if the were to receive something back, on the other hand, one may have been raised Kinship System of the San People Kinship of the San Bushmen The San or Bushmen people as they are sometimes called are a foraging group. Most foraging societies consist of a nuclear family setting. When looking how a family is laid out you must pay attention to descent. Descent is the passage of kinship though the parent-child links and the joining of the people into groups. There are two patterns for identifying descent: unilateral and bilateral. When looking at unilateral descent the relationships are followed through the mother and the father. The descent within the bilateral relationship is just as important. Most of all the foraging bands have bilateral descent. A San tribe member can find a blood relative in every tribe that he/she visits. This type of kinship is important if the family is low on resources, they can relocate, find family, and survive until they are once again able to thrive on their own. Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades To have a family member in every band that you travel to, a marriage has had to occur. Marriage between the men and women between the bands helps strengthen the social links. Once again these types of family ties are a survival tool for the bands desolate times. When a man is to consider marriage in the San tribe he must first make sure that the woman he is considering to marry does not have the same name as a parent or sibling. Marrying of a second cousin or closer is also prohibited. By doing this the tribe insures that there is no incest helping create future generations of children that can marry without the high chance of incest. With these rules in place it limits the number of women that can be married though out the region. Women would gather, and men hunted using poison arrows and spears in laborious days-long excursions. Children had no duties besides to play, and leisure was very important to the Bushmen. They spent large amounts of time with conversation , joking around, music, and sacred dances. Impact of the Kinship System on San Culture Impact of the Kinship System on San Culture ANT 101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology August 21, 2011 Impact of the Kinship System on San Culture In this paper I will describe the kinship system of the San (Bushmen) and how it impacts their lives. First I will give a brief description of their culture. Then I will provide three examples of how the kinship system impacts the way the culture behaves. Following each of these examples I will discuss how this aspect of the kinship system compares with American society and also how it may impact behaviors in my life. Finally I will summarize the papers key points. Let us begin by learning a little about the San. The San live in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa which is one of the most inhospitable regions of the world. They survive on hunting wild game and also gathering roots and tubers. They are considered to be one of the oldest cultures in the world. The culture is expected to be over a Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades hundred thousand years old. Only until the last two thousand years have the San began living in the inhospitable desert. They have gradually been pushed here by modernization and farmers that have taken their old, more fertile lands (Tishkoff, 2009). I will now provide some examples of their kinship system and how it relates to Americans today. Generalized reciprocity plays a huge role in the San Culture. They do a very good job of making sure that everyone in the camp has equal amounts of food. This includes both family and visitors alike. The evening meal of any one family is made up of portions of food from each of the other families in the band. Food can be distributed either raw or will be prepared by whoever has collected the food and then it will be distributed. There is a constant flow of nuts, berries, roots and melons from one family to another. This will continue until everyone has an equal amount of food (Nowak Laird, 2010). This continuous movement of goods between families Kinship of the San Throughout the southern land of Africa live the native Bushmen also known as the San. According to the National Geographic video on The Bushmen, the San are recognized as one of the oldest cultural societies that still remain active. One of the strongest qualities epitomized by the society is their cohesive support system they operate in order to survive on a daily basis. As indicated by our text, the San are a foraging culture, meaning they generate only enough food and resources to consume for a day or two; lessening the amount of surplus and need for storage. The San believe in maintaining strong unions within their nuclear families and often joining with related nuclear families to assemble their bands. These bands look to each other for support within their community while harvesting, gathering, and operating daily duties within the community. Since the San are considered a band society, they are habitually on the move in search of new grounds to cultivate and develop. But regar dless of where Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades they move and who joins them, the San continue to stay linked with family that is near or far. Since the San believe in strong bonds with related kin, the choices made in their communities are decisions made as a group. Their preference for leaders comes from within their kinships. The San delegate a leader from inside their band as their informal headman or woman. San people look to their own people to find that one person who can help lead them in times of decision-making. San kinships look to elderly members to be their leaders. They use their age as a sign of experience and knowledge. There is no formal or political organization of leadership, but instead they choose a member who is well respected, has lots of charisma, and has been experienced through age. Since both genders are equally respected within their culture for their contributions, the headman or woman can be a male or female. This leader is the person they look to when in search of new territory or I Chose the San In this paper I have chosen to write about the San. I will be telling you about many different things that I have read in this the beginning of our studies in anthropology. I will cover kinship as it relates to the San tribe, and how it impacts their lives. I will make a comparison in how current day culture and kinship differs from theirs also how kinship today impacts our daily living. Residing in South West Africa the San are foragers. The San are considered to be one of the best-known hunting and gathering communities in the modern world (Nowak Laird, 2010); they are also known as the San (Bushmen) of the Kalahari Desert (Nowak Laird, 2010). The San are a foraging band of families, they live off of what they can either hunt or gather from their surroundings this is part of the reason that they move every so often as not to put a strain on the environment also to be Is this essay helpful? Upgrade your account to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades able to provide for them self. women are responsible for eighty percent of the food gathering which consists of nuts, fruits, melons and berries while the men are responsible for twenty percent of the meat (Nowak Laird, 2010). The type of kinship that the San follow starts as nuclear and can go as far as the extended family. This seems to make the idea of general reciprocal exchange easier to deal with. The San live in an economic system of general reciprocal exchange. In the text generalized reciprocity is defined as a form of exchange where there are no expectations for an immediate return of an item in exchange for something else (Nowak Laird, 2010). The members of the San would hunt and gather food and share the wealth with everyone in the band, making sure that everyone can eat even if they were unable to contribute, Sharing of this kind helps strengthen ties.

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Education Essays

Plagiarism and the Internet The web influences peopleà °s lives relating to plagiarism and the law. In this paper I will discuss why plagiarism is increasing with time. Technology is becoming more prominent each day. Now, personal computers are seemingly a necessity in college dormitories. They are even being used routinely for nightly homework assignments for high school and even elementary school students. Moreover, the web is not only being used for research assignments, but also for game-playing, meeting new people, and quicker, easier communication. This increase in Internet usage is recognizable on a personal basis alone. As a high school freshman, the computer was not used nearly as much as it was as a high school senior. High school assignments were computer based, but in only four years, it seemed as if subject curriculums were being modified to incorporate more computer-based projects and activities to parallel the computerà °s increasing use in society. Although computer use is increasing in society, ethics are decreasing. As students are directed to use the web on a routine basis to complete assignments, many worth a substantial part of the courseà °s grade, it is nearly impossible to avoid a pop-up advertisement or a website that diverts the student from valuable information to lengthy papers covering nearly every conceivable topic. Even the most gifted students are tempted at times since society is moving at a fast pace, and people are attempting to complete as many tasks in the least amount of time possible. This pressure to complete numerous tasks in short periods of time promotes a cheating environment. People, students more specifically, want to do things as easily as possible. In addition, many students are not caught cheating, so they will make a habit of cheating time and time again. Even those that are caught cheating are not always reprimanded in the proper way. In fact, some students caught cheating are not even disciplined at all, as teachers are afraid to confront a student or deal with administrative issues. This is a fine example of how school systems are less ethical than in years prior. On a broader forum, society is becoming less and less ethical, not just school systems. There are an increasing number of television shows where experts will argue the ethics of a situation, simply because the law can be used to support either side. For example, there has been a great deal of commotion dealing with downloading music.